@davidcrb Basically you just want to confuse the muscle and nervous system so that it is less efficient at a movement. (each time we workout, we get more efficent, so you have to fight that for more gains) That is why you change your pace and vary the workouts you do to hit the muscle at different angles to continuously promote growth at the various points on the muscle. Just changing your hand grip/foot position angle or width can have a big effect on many movements for specific muscle targeting.
I find isometrics help me a lot with this as it makes me find weak spots in my muscle groups and fix them. Also, don't be afraid to explore your muscle/joint mobility within your movements. I wasn't doing that for a long time when I was younger and now I have to specifically train my flexibility in somethings I didn't know I lacked lol. Static posing/flexing helps a lot with my body control too. Time under tension of about 45 seconds to a minute is optimal for tearing muscle. You can go more to like 1:30 to 2min with some too, just gotta rest enough if you are doing sets of whatever iso you are doing. Too much muscle fiber break down at once will set you back if you don't rest enough, but with what you do and how you are resting, it shouldn't be an issue at all for you.
As for bulking and cutting, I'm almost double your size and muscle mass at 6ft and ~210lbs. Going up and down 20lbs each direction isn't all that much of a change around this size but is a drastic change on your smaller 5'5" 140lbs frame. (no offense intended) You just lost ~45lbs, I would never recommend you gain it back lol. That's why I suggest about 10lbs to start and see how it goes for you personally, plus it makes body workouts harder...increasing your intensity. Just a few pounds can make a big difference. I spend months bulking and months cutting slowly. Some body builders go at a faster pace. You adjust as you feel.
I hate losing weight, but that's because it is really hard for me. I have to starve and kill myself with workouts to lose weight, eating about 1600-1800cal keeps me around 200-220lbs with no exercise. Add in 1hr exercise and I start dropping 1lb a week at most. Add in my extra weight loss routines and more veggies and lower carbs it becomes around 3-4lbs a week. If you count calories, also align it with your workout routine and be sure to adjust your intake depending on the intensity of that day too. Look at weekly/monthly calorie intake too, not just daily.
I was 189lbs in 3rd grade. Dropped to ~130lbs by 5th-grade summer. Increased to about 170-180 in middle school with some muscle starting to form from doing way less than you are doing now. In high school, I started weight lifting and wrestling and grew some more. I went from ~190 - 210 in my first year in high school. Then down to about 170lbs before that summer. Then started the next year at about 200, went to 210, wrestling started and I went to 180lbs and next year bulked again to ~215 and dropped to 185lbs before summer. I had to maintain about 190lbs in the wrestling season for my weight class. I would jump between the 189lb and 215lb classes. I did this another year and then sustained some spinal injuries and stopped lifting for two years. Hit college and was at about 230lbs and not so great shape as I was. Started weights again, it was like starting from scratch.
Spent a few months just warming up everything and trying to keep healing, then after that, I got into lifting high intensity and working out 2-3hrs every other day. (warmup was mostly jogged 10-20min, 3-4 sets of pullups for 10-15 reps, and some other mobility routine)
- Back/Deadlift focused routine day one
- Cardio/abs/core/rest day - I would often rest two/three days depending on loads - spinal injury would flare up often and I would not even be able to get out of bed the next day sometimes my discs healed enough.
- Crest/tris/bis focus
- Cardio/abs/core/rest day
- Legs/shoulders focus
- One day rest and then start over
I loved doing some sort of cardio like biking 30-40 miles, sprinting routines, and swimming on rest days. I gained a lot of strength and speed and endurance over the next four years doing that sort of routine. I also took a week or two off every few months of training to just take a break and heal up. If you are going for muscle mass over time and constantly tearing down your muscle, this is the long term secret I think besides just consistency and continue to overload.
I fluctuated between 195 and 225 mostly, until I got into a car accident. Another spinal injury about 4 years ago and gained up to 236lbs I think was my heaviest. I did a lot of rehab that year but got down to 190 again...then I screwed up my rotator cuff on my left shoulder do to a showing off incident. Rehabbed it but then injured my right rotator cuff a few months after that and my back was still very bad. Now a few years later most of my injuries are patched up. I was about 220lbs until about a month ago. Now I'm almost finally healed up and have been getting back into things since the end of last year. My goal now is to fill out about 220lbs with about 10-13% body fat in about 5-7yrs...short term 195lbs.
As for diet, it was just clean. I didn't worry about calories that much except for when I was a child and learning about things at the beginning. You tend to get a feel for what you need and don't need after a few years. I cut sodas and juice when I was in 4th grade, so water is all I drank most of my life. If it didn't benefit my body, I would not eat it...unless I was out partying which was like maybe 1-2x a month. Usually, I ate 4 meals a day. And have a fruit or two between meals.
I always have a bowl of oatmeal (1/2 - 1 cup) with a banana/berries and two eggs to start my day. Sometimes I change it from oatmeal to a slice of toast with a good helping of spinach and the two eggs on top with a banana too. That is my go-to breakfast since I was in high school and gives me all the energy I need to go through at least a 1.5hr workout, an hour after I eat it. Sometimes I had to eat extra eggs or bring an extra meal or snack to the gym tho for my 3hr sessions. Often times I would drink a protein shake before or after my workouts - when just depended on my hunger. Since weight lifting was my second class of the day in high school I always had to drink my shake before or during my workouts because I would be starving then. In college, I drank my shakes more so after the workouts because I was starving after since I could plan out my workout timing better.
After breakfast was lunch around 10am-12pm, then lunch 2 around 2-4pm, and dinner around 5-7pm. In these meals they were basically 2x the veggies to each oz of meat/protein I ate, at least, and half the weight of the meat/protien in carb-loaded food like sweet potatoes or rice or quinoa or something. (vary your proteins to gain more nutrition) I always ate at least one piece of fish, bacon, beef, beans, chicken, etc each week. Mostly chicken tho, I'm fantasizing about going full veggies soon now though, it's just a lot tougher to figure out that diet for me since I'm so used to eating meats. I would also just cut carb-loaded foods completely and only eat proteins and veggies and fruits some days. But I would also add on a cheat day and sometimes I would fast for 16-24hrs once or twice a month. I also took B12 for more energy, ensured I ran in the sunlight shirtless for Vitamin D, took glucosamine often for my joints, and a vitamin C daily. Maybe a multivitamin here and there, but not often, I made sure my diet covered most of my main nutrition needs.