I was looking up the nitric oxide effects of fennel seeds and incidentally saw that they evidently cause prepubescent breast development and can thin facial hair applied topically.
It gives me pause re the flax and soy I consume.
https://www.jpedsurg.org/article/S0022-3468(08)00650-7/fulltext00650-7/fulltext)
"Isolated premature thelarche is a common disorder characterized by breast development, usually younger than 2 years, with no other signs of puberty. Although it is usually associated with adrenal or ovarian disorders, hypothyroidism, and use of exogenous hormones or drugs, it may also be associated with long-term use of herbal medicine. Thus, long-term use of preparations such as Foeniculum vulgare, which is used to eliminate gas and regulate intestinal function in children, may cause premature thelarche, and thus, the use of such preparations should be limited."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944711304702470?via=ihub
"The efficacy of treatment with the cream containing 2% Fennel is better than the cream containing 1% Fennel and these two were more potent than placebo. The mean values of hair diameter reduction was 7.8%, 18.3% and –0.5% for patients receiving the creams containing 1%, 2% and 0% (placebo) respectively."
It gives me pause re the flax and soy I consume.
https://www.jpedsurg.org/article/S0022-3468(08)00650-7/fulltext00650-7/fulltext)
"Isolated premature thelarche is a common disorder characterized by breast development, usually younger than 2 years, with no other signs of puberty. Although it is usually associated with adrenal or ovarian disorders, hypothyroidism, and use of exogenous hormones or drugs, it may also be associated with long-term use of herbal medicine. Thus, long-term use of preparations such as Foeniculum vulgare, which is used to eliminate gas and regulate intestinal function in children, may cause premature thelarche, and thus, the use of such preparations should be limited."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944711304702470?via=ihub
"The efficacy of treatment with the cream containing 2% Fennel is better than the cream containing 1% Fennel and these two were more potent than placebo. The mean values of hair diameter reduction was 7.8%, 18.3% and –0.5% for patients receiving the creams containing 1%, 2% and 0% (placebo) respectively."